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发表于 2022-1-31 16:25:39
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本帖最后由 傲慢与偏见 于 2022-7-17 23:38 编辑
自动化的Sanger测序是第一代测序技术。
DNA sequencing method is recognized asthe ‘‘first-generation’’ technology, and newer DNA sequencing
methods are referred to as ‘‘next-generation’’ sequencing (NGS).
These new technologies utilize various strategies that rely ondifferent combinations of template preparation, sequencing and
imaging, high speed data analysis and throughput with the capacity to produce enormous quantities of sequence data both rapidly
and at increasingly lower cost. The first next-generation highthroughput sequencing technology, the 454 FLX pyrosequencing
platforms, became available in 2005. By early 2007, Illumina had
released the Genome Analyzer, then SOLiD was released (Glenn,
2011). This technological aspect of sequencing and analysis is
expanding rapidly with novel and improved platforms continuously being developed and released. The most recent examples
include Heliscope and Ion Torrent PGM which became available
in 2010. An important consequence of these developments is that
complete sequences can now be obtained rapidly regardless of origin, and whether or not they are already known. This rapid progress has totally altered the speed and ease with which reverse
genetics systems can be produced and used to study previously
inaccessible subjects.
DNA synthesis techniques and technologies are also evolving
rapidly to meet these new scientific demands. Entire genomes
can now be synthesized and as the demand has increased, de novo
synthesis has become a cheap alternative from which to obtain
cloned cDNA. One of many consequence of these improved methodologies is that it is now technically possible to resuscitate
viruses for which no infectious virions exist (Cello et al., 2002;
Tumpey et al., 2005) and in theory it should now be possible to create novel viruses synthetically. This approach was first explored by
Blight et al. (2000) for the creation of a replication-competent HCV
RNA replicon (Blight et al., 2000).
During the early stages of development in the 1980s, a lack of
adapted technologies and time constraints were the primary obstacles for generating reverse genetics models. Today, the production
of a reverse genetic system is a relatively simple step towards
understanding the mechanisms governing the biological functions
of viruses.
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